Maintaining a low-calorie diet that also meets your daily nutrient needs can be a challenge
Updated January 2026
Maintains muscle mass during weight loss
The covariates were adjusted in the PSM model for a priori-identified potential confounders, such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, nicotine dependence, BMI, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal diseases, BP, chronic kidney disease, peripheral vascular diseases, diabetes-related microvascular complications, glomerular diseases, cirrhosis of the liver, osteoporosis, sleep apnoea, abnormal laboratory findings (HbA 1c , serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol [TG]) and intake of cardiovascular medications (Table 1)